Rapid Palatal Expander
A rapid palatal expander (RPE), often simply called an expander, is a custom-fitted device made of metal and plastic that fits over several upper back teeth. The appliance uses gentle, continuous pressure to separate the two halves of the upper jaw. In children and adolescents, the upper jaw is made of two separate bones, or palatine sutures, that haven't yet fused. An RPE works by slowly pushing these bones apart.
Benefits of a Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE)
Correcting Crossbite
The primary benefit is resolving a posterior crossbite, where the upper back teeth bite inside the lower back teeth.
Enhancing Breathing
A wider palate also widens the nasal passages, which can improve airflow and make nasal breathing easier
Improving Bite Alignment
By ensuring the upper and lower jaws fit correctly, RPEs improve overall bite mechanics and function.
Better Aesthetics
A properly aligned bite and improved tooth positioning contribute to a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing facial structure and smile.
Making Room for Teeth
Expansion creates needed space in crowded mouths, potentially preventing the need for future tooth extractions.
Reducing Speech Issues
Some speech impediments caused by a narrow jaw or crossbite can be improved with expansion therapy.
The RPE is custom-made based on scans of the patient's teeth. The appliance features a central screw mechanism that the patient, or a parent, turns using a small key on a schedule prescribed by the orthodontist—typically once or twice a day.
How Does a Rapid Palatal Expander Work?
Activation: Each turn of the screw activates the appliance, applying slight pressure to the teeth and the palatal bones.
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Expansion: Over several weeks, this controlled pressure causes the bones to gradually move apart. This is a painless process, although patients may feel a sense of pressure or mild tension under the eyes or across the bridge of the nose.
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Stabilization: Once the desired width is achieved, the RPE remains in place for several months (usually 3 to 6 months) to allow new bone to grow in the gap and solidify the jaw in its new, wider position. This is the retention phase.
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